Fig. 5

Cell type-specific expression of genes associated with bile acid and SCFA transport and signaling. scRNAseq data from our previous published manuscript [39] (Fig. 1, Supplementary Table 1; first trimester (8- to 13-week gestational age) n = 14, second trimester (14- to 23-week gestational age) n = 13, neonatal (1–14 days old) n = 6, pediatric (4–12 years old) n = 8, and adult (25–70 years old) n = 7). Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) plot visualization of bile acid and SCFA-associated transport and signaling gene expression in fetal small intestine epithelial (A) and fetal immune cells (B). C Boxplots of the mean gene expression value of positive cells in each sample from the small intestine across developmental stages (related to Fig. 1 [33]). Each dot represents an individual sample. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Clarification of cell type abbreviation for epithelial lineage cells in A: SCs, stem cell; TA, transit-amplifying cells; eAE, early enterocytes; iAE, intermediate enterocytes; mAE, mature enterocytes; EEC, enteroendocrine cells. Immune lineage cells in B: Mϕ, macrophages; cDCs, conventional dendritic cells; ILC, innate lymphoid cells; NK, natural killer cells; Treg, regulatory T cells; Tmem, memory T cells