Fig. 6

Differences in anthropometric measures at 12 months of life. A BMI was significantly higher in the infants receiving the control formula compared to the breast-fed Reference group and the infants receiving the novel test formula. B Subcutaneous fat, measured by the sum of skin thickness (SUMSK), was significantly higher in control compared to reference. Test group did not significantly differ from the other two groups. One outlier for sum of skin thickness (value = 52.5) was removed from the test group following Grubbs’ test (p = 0.005). Boxplots represent lower, middle (median), and upper quartile. ANOVA is followed by Tukey’s HSD test to calculate p-values. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. C Pearson correlations between SUMSK measured at 12 months and the fecal and plasma metabolites measured at 3 months. Correlations shown for significant features after a Benjamini-Hochberg correction (p < 0.1)