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Table 2 Impact of environmental yeast species on Ae. albopictusmosquito performance, survivorship, metabolism, and oviposition behavior

From: Environmental yeasts differentially impact the development and oviposition behavior of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus

Variable (statistic analysis)

Factor

Df

F-value/χ2

p-value

Mosquito development experiment with living yeasts (axenic, conventional, and gnotobiotic larvae)

Developmental time until adult emergence (chi-square)

Infection status

11

1334.699

 < 2.2e- 16

Sex

1

285.918

 < 2.2e- 16

Infection status × sex

11

26.374

5.71e- 03

Survival (chi-square)

Infection status

11

72.967

3.32e- 11

Sex ratio (chi-square)

Infection status

11

12.568

0.320

Adult size (ANOVA 2)

Infection status

11

7.022

7.73e- 11

Sex

1

2047.364

 < 2.2e- 16

Infection status × sex

11

1.728

0.070

Residuals

374

  

Female size (ANOVA 2)

Infection status

11

3.152

6.01e- 04

Residuals

196

  

Male size (ANOVA 2)

Infection status

11

6.851

1.41e- 09

Residuals

178

  

Mosquito development experiment with “heat-killed” yeasts (axenic, conventional, and gnotobiotic larvae)

Developmental time until adult emergence (chi-square)

Infection status

11

873.052

 < 2.2e- 16

Sex

1

184.209

 < 2.2e- 16

Infection status*Sex

11

9.277

0.590

Survival (chi-square)

Infection status

11

56.252

4.57e- 08

Sex ratio (chi-square)

Infection status

11

16.703

0.117

Oviposition bioassays

Total number of eggs laid by each female (chi-square)

Yeast species

5

27.128

5.38e- 05

Oviposition preference (chi-square)

Yeast species

5

22.076

5.06e- 04

Yeast concentration

2

11.774

0.002

Yeast conc. × yeast species

10

13.847

0.180

Oviposition stimulation (chi-square)

Yeast species

5

14.508

0.012

Yeast concentration

2

28.684

5.90e- 07

Yeast conc. × yeast species

10

14.889

0.136

Measurements of metabolism parameters in second/fourth instars (axenic, conventional, and gnotobiotic larvae)

Riboflavin concentration (ANOVA)

Larval instar

1, 88

536.946

 < 2.2e- 16

Infection status

3, 88

79.321

 < 2.2e- 16

Larval instar × infection status

3, 88

20.810

2.80e- 10

Uricase activity (chi-square)

Larval instar

1

642.720

 < 2.2e- 16

Infection status

3

34.430

1.60e- 07

Larval instar × infection status

3

27.230

5.27e- 06

Uric acid concentration (ANOVA)

Larval instar

1, 72

291.815

 < 2.2e- 16

Infection status

3, 72

16.634

2.61e- 08

Larval instar × infection status

3, 72

1.460

0.232

Protein concentration (chi-square)

Larval instar

1

643.66

 < 2.2e- 16

Infection status

3

33.30

2.78e- 07

Larval instar × infection status

3

2.04

0.564

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Microbiome

ISSN: 2049-2618

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