Fig. 4
Percentage of Ae. albopictus larvae reaching the adult stage depending on their infection status. A Larvae reaching the adult stage for conventional (green), axenic (red), and gnotobiotic (blue) larvae associated with single living yeast species. B Larvae reaching the adult stage for conventional (green), axenic (red), and gnotobiotic (gray) larvae associated with single heat-killed yeast species. Since all gnotobiotic, larvae (10 different yeast species) could not be generated at the same time, 2 distinct experiments including axenic, conventional, and 5 gnotobiotic larvae were performed. For each experiment, a total of 180 first-instar larvae were monitored for each infection status, and percentage of Ae. albopictus larvae reaching the adult stage was measured for each plate well. Abbreviations (Uri +) and (Uri −) indicate whether yeasts are able to secrete or not uricase, respectively. The average riboflavin production by yeast cells (10−6 ng.cell.−1) is also provided for each species. Statistically significant differences between groups were identified with Tukey post hoc tests, and columns labelled with different letters are significantly different with a p-value < 0.05