Fig. 3

Relationships between resistance and other associated genes. A Distance decay relationship of the Bray–Curtis dissimilarities of the predicted ARG, microbial community, MRG, MGE, and VFG profiles with geographic distance (in km). Different colors correspond to the gene profiles in Fig. 3B. B Specific causality among the microbial community and gene profiles using partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM). Only the direct effects coefficient is visualized. Total, direct, and indirect effects coefficients are plotted in Fig. S8. Arrows represent unidirectional relationships among latent variables. Blue and red lines denote positive and negative relationships, respectively. Dashed lines indicate non-significant coefficients (Pr( >|t|) > 0.05). Procrustes analysis and Mantel test showing the correlation of predicted ARG profile with the C microbial communities, D MRG, E MGE, and F VFG profiles