Fig. 1

Resistome composition and diversity across the Baltic Sea. A The map of the sampling stations along 1,150 km across the Baltic Sea grouped by spatial location as described in Broman et al. (2022). B Relative abundance of the top 8 ARG types identified in the study. C Average relative abundance of the ARG types per region and hierarchical clustering. D Relative frequency of the top 8 ARG types per region. Line colors correspond to the ARG types in Fig. 1B. Relative abundance of the E multidrug and F glycopeptide resistance types by region. Different letters indicate differences between groups tested by ANOVA (P-value < 0.05). See Fig. S4A for the relative abundances of the top 10 ARG types. The dotted horizontal line indicates the mean RPKM relative abundance. G Differential abundance test by Kruskal–Wallis rank sum and random forest. The variable importance plot shows the differentially abundant ARG types (adjusted P-value < 0.05). See Fig. S5B for the variable importance plot of the top ARG subtypes with the highest mean decrease Gini values