Fig. 5

Co-localization of ARGs, VGs, and MGEs in representative metagenome-assembled genomes (rMAGs). a Proportion of the relative abundance of rMAGs containing ARGs, VGs, and MGEs in clusters 1 and 2. The colored circle above each bar plot indicates the enrichment of rMAGs in the corresponding cluster. Statistically significant differences were assessed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001. b The nearest distances of ARGs or VGs from MGEs in each cluster. In each box-and-whisker plot, the box represents the median, first quartile, and third quartile; the whiskers extend 1.5 times the interquartile range; and the diamonds indicate the mean value. c Correlations between the total number of ARGs (top) and VGs (bottom) and the average nearest distance of ARGs or VGs from MGEs. d Correlations between the total number of ARGs and VGs and the average nearest distance of ARGs or VGs from MGEs across human and non-human pathogens. e Composition of the nearest VGs (left) and ARGs (right) across five major categories of MGEs in the rMAGs. Numbers above the bars indicate the total count of VGs (left) and ARGs (right)