Table 1 Differentially abundant proteins, fungal taxa and biological processes between bacterial vaginosis (BV) state at the first study visit

Protein

Protein name

Fungal species

logFC

p-value

adj. p-value

J7M8M3

Actin

Candida thasaenensis

−1.31

9.88e−08

1.70e−06

A5E2Z2

Uncharacterized

Lodderomyces elongisporus

−0.64

3.71e−06

4.64e−05

M5EKD5

Proteasome subunit alpha type

Malassezia sympodialis

1.24

1.02e−07

1.70e−06

A0A1D8PFR4

Actin

Candida albicans

−1.76

2.03e−08

1.02e−06

A0A177DGX3

Glutamate dehydrogenase

Alternaria alternata

−1.31

3.00e−05

0.0002

A0A0C3J1M2

Uncharacterized

Pisolithus tinctorius

−0.54

2.11e−05

0.0002

R9APA2

Calmodulin

Wallemia ichthyophaga

−1.14

1.72e−05

0.0002

H8WXM9

Kar2 protein

Candida orthopsilosis

−1.14

3.45e−05

0.0002

C4XYH4

HATPase_c domain-containing protein

Clavispora lusitaniae

−1.06

0.0002

0.001

A0A137P973

Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase

Conidiobolus coronatus

1.85

0.0009

0.004

B6Q757

Translation elongation factor EF-2 subunit, putative

Talaromyces marneffei

−0.50

0.001

0.005

B3FE91

Calmodulin

Petromyces alliaceus

−0.96

0.001

0.005

A0A1Y1W0Z6

Putative mitochondrial Hsp70 chaperone

Linderina pennispora

−0.84

0.01

0.04

K1W4Z9

Heat shock protein 70

Trichosporon asahii

−0.81

0.004

0.02

A0A1Y2GNC9

Tubulin beta chain

Lobosporangium transversale

−0.85

0.008

0.02

A0A068SI01

Xap5-domain-containing protein

Lichtheimia corymbifera

−0.91

0.006

0.02

S9XAK4

Sporulation protein Spo15

Schizosaccharomyces cryophilus

−1.63

0.004

0.02

Biological process

logFC

p-value

adj. p-value

Histone H4 acetylation

−1.77

2.19 e−07

3.28e−06

Membrane raft polarization

−1.77

2.19 e−07

3.28e−06

Cell adhesion

−0.61

9.27e−06

3.97e−05

Cellular response to heat

−0.61

9.27e−06

3.97e−05

Cellular response to osmotic stress

−0.61

9.27e−06

3.97e−05

Cellular response to oxidative stress

−0.61

9.27e−06

3.97e−05

Plasma membrane organization

−0.61

9.27e−06

3.97e−05

Cellular amino acid metabolic process

−1.24

0.0002

0.0006

Calcium-mediated signaling

−0.79

7.05e-05

0.0003

Chromatin organization

−0.87

0.002

0.005

Adenylate cyclase activating glucose

−0.91

0.002

0.005

Chaperon-mediated protein folding

−0.91

0.002

0.005

Heterochromatin assembly by small RNA

−0.91

0.002

0.005

Glycolytic process

1.49

0.01

0.02

Protein folding

−0.85

0.01

0.03

Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

0.47

0.02

0.04

Microtuble-based process

−0.41

0.02

0.04

BV-negative—BV intermediate

Protein

Protein name

Fungal species

logFC

p-value

adj. p-value

A0A1V6RS99

Uncharacterized

Penicillium vulpinum

2.53

8.86e−05

0.0004

G8ZUB2

Exocyst complex component SEC15

Torulaspora delbrueckii

2.62

3.98e−05

0.001

A0A0D1CPW1

Proteasome subunit beta

Ustilago maydis

1.77

0.0005

0.009

C4Y881

Gp_dh_C domain-containing protein

Clavispora lusitaniae

1.71

0.0008

0.01

A0A068SI01

Xap5-domain-containing protein

Lichtheimia corymbifera

2.52

0.001

0.01

A5E2Z2

Uncharacterized

Lodderomyces elongisporus

0.97

0.001

0.01

A0A0C3J1M2

Uncharacterized

Pisolithus tinctorius

0.94

0.002

0.01

A0A1Y2CHJ5

H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase

Rhizoclosmatium globosum

1.70

0.002

0.01

W3VSG0

Elongation factor 2

Pseudozyma aphidis

1.58

0.005

0.02

J7M8M3

Actin

Candida thasaenensis

1.34

0.009

0.04

A0A1I9WQJ7

Actin

Teratoramularia persicariae

1.71

0.009

0.04

A0A178DXV7

Elongation factor 2

Pyrenochaeta sp.

1.91

0.01

0.04

A0A1Y2GNC9

Tubulin beta chain

Lobosporangium transversale

1.81

0.01

0.04

Biological process

logFC

p-value

adj. p-value

Golgi to plasma membrane transport

2.75

4.38e−06

6.56e−05

Vesicle docking involved in exocytosis

2.75

4.38e−06

6.56e−05

Cell adhesion

0.96

0.0005

0.002

Cellular response to heat

0.96

0.0005

0.002

Cellular response to osmotic stress

0.96

0.0005

0.002

Cellular response to oxidative stress

0.96

0.0005

0.002

Plasma membrane organization

0.96

0.0005

0.002

Translation

1.74

0.0008

0.002

Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin independent protein catabolic process

1.72

0.0005

0.002

Proteasomal protein catabolic process

1.72

0.0005

0.002

Microtubule-based process

1.17

0.001

0.003

ATP metabolic process

1.68

0.002

0.006

Chromatin organisation

1.38

0.02

0.04

BV-positive—BV intermediate

Protein

Protein name

Fungal species

logFC

p-value

adj. p-value

C4Y881

Gp_dh_C domain-containing protein

Clavispora lusitaniae

1.92

0.0001

0.007

Biological process

logFC

p-value

adj. p-value

Proteasome -mediated ubiquitin independent protein catabolic process

1.29

0.004

0.03

Golgi to plasma membrane transport

2.62

0.006

0.03

Vesicle docking involved in exocytosis

2.62

0.006

0.03

Proteasomal protein catabolic process

1.46

0.009

0.03

Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

1.46

0.009

0.03

ATP metabolic process

1.27

0.006

0.03

Endocytosis

1.65

0.01

0.03

Histone exchange

1.65

0.01

0.03

Mitotic actomycosin contractile ring assembly

1.65

0.01

0.03

Regulation of nucleosome density

1.65

0.01

0.03