Fig. 3

Species and strain sharing rates in the gut microbiomes of wild baboons. A Individuals included in this dataset. Each line represents an individual baboon, starting from the year it was born. The line terminates either in an (x) to represent death or an arrow to represent that the animal was alive as of December 31, 2023. Points represent sampling events. Segments are colored according to social group membership when the individual was born, while points are colored according to social group membership when the corresponding samples were taken. As females do not typically disperse in this species, animals that belonged to two or more groups during their lifetimes represent group fission or fusion events. B Species sharing across dyad types. The number of shared species between each dyad based on inStrain profiling (95% popANI). C Strain sharing rates across dyad types. The percentage of shared strains between each dyad (99.999% popANI). Only repeated samples from the same individual differed from any of the other categories (Tukey HSD; same individual — close social partners p = 0.045, same individual — different social groups p = 0.001, same individual — not alive at same time p = 0.0027). Boxplots are bounded by the lower and upper quartiles, with the middle line showing the median value and whiskers extending to 1.5 times the interquartile range