Fig. 5

Estimated intervention effects on serum and fecal SCFA levels, including 95% confidence intervals; significant differences depending on baseline Shannon diversity are indicated by green arrows. (A) Additive effects based on Normal regression. Estimates were standardized by the respective marker’s standard deviation. The depicted change of 0.1 standard deviations refers to a change of ~ 0.6 ng/ml (valeric acid in the blood), ~ 9.4 µg/g (valeric acid in stool), ~ 2.0 ng/ml (hexanoic acid in the blood), and ~ 12.4 µg/g (hexanoic acid in stool). B Multiplicative, exponentiated intervention effects on markers based on log Normal or Gamma regression, depicted on a log2-transformed y-axis