Fig. 2

Effects of UGT1A4 and CDCA-3β-glucuronide on FXR inhibition and apoptosis. A Mice were intraperitoneal injected CDCA-3β-glucuronide. B Fecal water index (n = 3). C, D Histomorphology and its score. Scale bars, 100 μm. E, F Relative protein expressions of TNF-α and BAX (n = 3). G Relative gene levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α (n = 3). H ABX mice were received microbiota transplantation from healthy donors, BADD donors. I, J Histomorphology (I) and its score (J). Scale bars, 100 μm. K Relative protein expressions of TNF-α and BAX. L, M Nucleus location and intensity of FXR in the gut epithelium cells (n = 3). Scale bars, 25 μm. The differences between groups were compared using either student’s t test or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons, and statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05. Data were represented as mean ± SEM, and exhibited *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001