Fig. 1

Comparison of diversity between populations of A. inornatus from SBluG (red), A. neomexicanus from SBluG (magenta), A. neomexicanus from SNW (purple), and A. marmoratus from SNW (blue) for both gut (A, B, C) and skin (D, E, F) microbiota (ASVs) and considering α-diversity (A, D), β-diversity (B, E), and γ-diversity (C, F). A and D are based on the microbiota of individual lizards from each population; B, C, E, and F are based on 500 bootstraps of 15 lizards from each population using the methods outlined in Chao et al. [93, 94] Significant differences in α-diversity between groups, as determined by a Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc pairwise Wilcox tests using a Benjamini–Hochberg correction, are indicated as follows: p-value ≤ 0.001 (***), p-value ≤ 0.01 (**), p-value ≤ 0.05 (*), and p-value ≤ 0.1 (.) Significant differences in β- and γ-diversity, as determined by overlap of 83.4% confidence intervals, are indicated with an “s.” Additional analyses using alternate diversity metrics can be found in Additional file 1