Fig. 4

The distubrition of NAD-jumbo phages across Earth’s ecosystems. a Global distribution of NAD-jumbo phages identified in 12 different ecosystems types. The different symbols and colored dots represent different ecosystem types in the legend. b c Phylogenetic trees (left) and structures (right) of NAD-jumbo phages NAMPT and nadD proteins. Phage-encoded protein sequences were extracted from animal-, human- and environment-associated NAD-jumbo phage genomes. Microbial reference sequences were collected from RefSeq database. Different colors represent the ecosystem origin of protein. The asterisk indicates that the sequence is used for protein structure prediction. Bootstrap values greater than 50 are shown on the branches. For protein structures, blue represents reference protein structures of bacteria M_tuberculosis NAMPT and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) nadD from cryo-electron microscope results; Yellow represents RoseTTAFold-predicted viral protein structures of NAMPT and nadD from different ecosystem types and cultivated phages. The red dot on protein structures indicates bioactive amino acid residues