Fig. 4

Effect of EN and EV on muscle atrophy markers in DEX-treated B6 and 129S1 mice. A Representative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the gastrocnemius muscle and (B) quantification of the average muscle fiber cross-sectional area. C Grip strength normalized to body weight (D–F) and muscle weight relative to body weight for gastrocnemius (D), tibialis (E), and soleus (F) muscles. G, H Effect of EN and EV on mRNA expression of protein degradation markers (Fbxo32 and Trim63) in DEX-treated B6 and 129S1 mice. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ns (not significant). C57BL/6 J (B6); 129S1/SvImJ (129S1)