Fig. 3

MaCFEM1 is crucial for the colonization of MAC in the presence of symbiotic bacteria. A Experimental procedure for analyzing MAC gene expression in axenic and non-axenic locusts. B Volcano plot showing the overall gene expression pattern of MAC in axenic and non-axenic locusts. C GO enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), displaying only GO terms with a p value < 0.05. CC, MF, and BP represent cellular components, molecular functions, and biological processes, respectively. D The Venn diagram shows the shared and unique DEGs induced by different bacterial species under fungal-bacterial co-culture conditions. E Gene expression patterns of the candidate DEGs under co-culture conditions. The heat map signal indicates log2 fold-change values of co-cultured groups relative to the control group. MAC cultured alone in ¼SDAY liquid medium serves as the control. Treatments with adjusted p value < 0.05 are denoted by *. F Fungal biomass of WT and mutant strains when co-cultured with E. faecalis, P. mirabilis, S. aureus, and E. coli in ¼SDAY liquid medium, respectively (n = 4). Values are presented as mean ± SD., and differences between WT and mutant strains were analyzed using Student’s t-test, with significant differences denoted as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. MaPR1 C, MaCWG, and MaGLUS are gene names for subtilisin-like serine protease PR1C, antigenic cell wall galactomannoprotein, and alpha-glucosidase, respectively