Fig. 5

Proposed metabolic capacity of the novel Patescibacteria strains identified in BEs. Selected key metabolic pathways in the novel genomes of (a) the genus Saccharimonas and (b) the family UBA2112. Genes and compounds associated with carbon metabolism (blue shading and lines), namely glucose 6-phosphate (G6P); glucose 1-phosphate (G1P); fructose 6-phosphate (F6P); trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P); uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose); hydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP); glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P); 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG); 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG); methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC); propionyl coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA); 6-phosphogluconolactone (6PGL); ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P); ribose-5-phosphate (R5P); and 2-methylcitrate (2-MC). Genes and compounds associated with amino acid transport and antioxidant biosynthesis (red shading and lines), namely geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), which is synthesized by GGPP synthase (encoded by crtE); branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs); and 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase (4-HB polyprenyltransferase). Genes and compounds associated with stress tolerance (green shading and lines), namely MacB (encoded by macB). MacB is a transmembrane protein located in the bacterial inner membrane and forms a complex with MacA (a periplasmic protein) and TolC (an outer membrane channel), spanning the entire cell envelope in Gram-negative bacteria. The MacAB–TolC macrolide efflux system can transport a variety of substances, including several types of antibiotics and toxic substances. The forespore is a developmental precursor to the bacterial endospore, and the spore coat is its protective armor. The Stage V sporulation protein R encoded by the gene spoVR is essential for proper coat formation