Fig. 8

Continuous dietary supplementation of ANA powder prevents age-induced bone loss. A Representative images of cortical bone (Cb), trabecular bone (Tb), and medullary bone (Mb) in the femur by Micro-CT analysis in the control group, cANA group (continuous dietary supplementation ANA powder), and sANA group (stopped receiving dietary supplementation of ANA powder). B–E Quantification of cortical bone volume (Cb. BV) (B), cortical bone thickness (Cb. Th) (C), cortical bone mineral density (Cb. BMD) (D), and cortical bone mineral content (Cb. BMC) (E). F–J Quantification of the trabecular bone BV/TV (Tb. BV/TV) (F), trabecular bone BS/TV (Tb. BS/TV) (G), trabecular bone mineral density (Tb. BMD) (H), trabecular bone mineral content (Tb. BMC) (I), and trabecular bone thickness (Tb. Th) (J). K‒M Quantification of the medullary bone BV/TV (K), medullary bone density (Mb. BMD) (L), and medullary bone mineral content (Mb. BMC) (M). N–Q Measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the femur (N), serum osteocalcin (OCN) (O), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in the femur (P), and serum C-terminal telopeptide-I (CTX-I) (Q). R Differences in the bacterial communities at the genus level were tested by linear discriminant analysis effect size, with a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score > 2 and P < 0.05. n = 8 per group. S Measurement of the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecal contents. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 10 per group). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001