Fig. 7

Gene profiling of wheat plants with and without the inoculation of bacterial isolates or WYMV infection treatments. a Plant hormone signal transduction pathways (I. Auxin signaling pathway; II. Cytokinin signaling pathway; III. Jasmonic acid signaling pathway; IV. Salicylic acid signaling pathway). Heat maps showing the logarithmic fold change of differentially expression genes (DEGs) in all the treatments relative to control. NR, NS, and NSR indicate inoculation with R. deserti only, S. azotifigens only, or both S. azotifigens and R. deserti in the uninfected group, respectively; R, S, and SR indicated inoculation with R. deserti only, S. azotifigens only, or both S. azotifigens and R. deserti in the WYMV-infected group, respectively. b Relative expression levels of genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction. Single, double, and triple asterisks indicate significant differences between treatments at 0.1%, 1%, and 5%, respectively (Student’s t-test). ns no significant difference between treatments at the 5% level (Student’s t-test). The number of samples per replicate is 12, and error bars represent standard deviations