Fig. 6

The effect of potentially beneficial strains (R. deserti and S. azotifigens) on wheat growth and WYMV resistance. a Average plant height and shoot biomass of wheat following inoculation with S. azotifigens only (S), R. deserti only (R), or both S. azotifigens and R. deserti (S + R) in the WYMV-infected and uninfected experimental groups. b The WYMV loads in leaves under the S, R and S + R treatments after 14 days of WYMV infection. Single, double, and triple asterisks indicate significant differences between treatments at 5%, 1%, and 0.1%, respectively (Student’s t-test). ns no significant differences between treatments at the 5% level (Student’s t-test). The number of samples per replicate was 12, and error bars represent standard deviations. c Images of wheat plants in the infected and uninfected groups (taken 14 days after WYMV infection)