Fig. 5

Functional characterization of an active Planctomycetota beta-lactamase. A Volcano plot displaying the log2-fold change of differentially abundant taxa between 30% WW UF vs. 30% WW. B Counts of hits showing significant homology to the putative beta-lactamase MBX3358097.1 in biofilm metagenomes. C Purified enzyme assays demonstrated beta-lactamase activity of MBX3358097.1 with the colorimetric cephalosporin analog, nitrocefin, compared to boiled enzyme and buffer-only controls. D Two views of a high-confidence AlphaFold2 model (mean pLDDT = 96.5) of MBX3358097.1 structurally aligned with its closest structural homolog in the Protein Data Bank (PDB100), as identified by FoldSeek [84] in November 2023, the Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase (PDB ID: 3KNS)