Fig. 8

Confirmation of S-layer protein and flagella removal from bacterial surfaces. A L. acidophilus was incubated with 5 M LiCl for 2 h to remove S-layer protein. Both intact (untreated or control) and S-layer-removed L. acidophilus were then subjected to immunofluorescence staining to detect S-layer protein (indicated by yellow arrows) on bacterial surface. B E. coli was acidified with acetic acid to make the pH at 4.5 and incubated for 45 s to remove flagella. Both intact (untreated or control) and flagella-removed E. coli were then subjected to Gray’s flagella staining to detect the flagella (indicated by pink arrows)