Fig. 4
Effect of bacteria on CaOx crystal-cell adhesion. Crystal-cell adhesion assay was performed without (control) or with 1 × 103 CFU/ml of L. acidophilus or E. coli. A Representative images of adherent CaOx crystals that remained on the cell monolayer under different conditions. B Number of the adhered crystals was counted from ≥ 15 random fields in each sample. Quantitative data were obtained from three independent experiments using independent biological replicates. The error bar represents SD, and only significant P values are indicated