Fig. 1

Box and whisker plots of alpha diversity indices (Shannon entropy, Faith’s PD, and Cho1) for gut, skin, and water microbiomes. The colors reflect the sample type and the black circles are outliers. The black line in each box plot is the median. Stars indicate significance level (significance codes: 0.001 < P ≤ 0.01**, P ≤ 0.001***)