Fig. 1

Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot showing the clustering trend of bronchoalveolar (BAL) samples based on the weighted UniFrac distance. PCoA plot showing the clustering trend of bronchoalveolar (BAL) samples based on the weighted UniFrac distance between all OTUs identified in HIV-infected (n = 39) and HIV-uninfected (n = 20) individuals. In this cohort, the lung microbiota does not distinguish HIV status, but comparison of intra-group beta diversity showed a significant difference in UniFrac distances between the HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected subjects, suggesting a higher degree of heterogeneity among the microbial composition of the lower airways in HIV-infected subjects